Chrome insert ring

ABSTRACT

A chrome insert ring including ring elements each having its outer peripheral surface formed with an annular groove. The chrome insert ring has a groove made with two symmetrical side walls having a plurality of steps inclined from the groove sides to the groove bottom.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to improved piston rings for use ininternal combustion engines. It relates especially to a chrome insertring for use as a pressure ring, which has annular chrome plate bands inthe outer peripheral surfaces of the ring matrix.

Conventionally, various kinds of constructions in piston rings,especially pressure rings, have been proposed in recent years foradaptation to high speed and high power internal combustion engines. Itis well known in the art that a chrome insert ring, which has annularhard chrome plate bands in grooves in the outer peripheral surface ofthe ring and a cast iron matrix exposed between the chrome plate bands,exhibits desirable performance as a pressure piston ring. In such chromeinsert ring, the hard chrome plate bands serve to improve the abrasiveresistance of the ring, and the exposed cast iron matrix serves toreduce the initial period for mating the ring to the engine and tocompensate for the poor oil maintaining property of the chrome platebands.

However, there have been certain disadvantages connected with theproduction process for conventional chrome insert rings. That is, asshown in FIG. 1, the insert ring is produced by stacking and fixing aplurality of ring elements CP1, CP2, . . . , each of which is formedwith an annular groove 21 or 22 of trapezoidal cross section in thecenter portion of the outer peripheral surface thereof, and removing theportion of chrome not in the groove by cutting the structure along thechain line A, so as to expose the cast iron matrix between the chromeplate bands and at the top and bottom of the piston ring face.

During the plating operation, the projections at the opposite sides ofthe groove 21 prevent smooth plating to the groove bottom, especially tothe groove corners in the vicinity of the opposite sides, so that theresulting chrome plate has its surface formed with annular recesses 4.This requires a long plating time, which is substantially three timesthat required for the case of a chrome plate produced with no recess allover the chrome plate surface, and has a strong influence on cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention has for its main object the elimination of the abovedescribed disadvantage found in the production of chrome insert ringsand especially in the plating time, and enables the reduction of theplating time to a great extent in comparison with the prior art and theprovision of a piston ring with its performance equivalent to or abovethe conventional piston ring.

The object is achieved by constructing a chrome or like metal insertring having a groove in the peripheral surface thereof, characterized inthat the groove has a radial cross section such that the flat bottomwall and the flat side walls extending to the surface at acute angles donot meet at groove corners but are connected by one or more additionalwall surfaces extending therebetween.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partly perspective view of a conventional chrome insert ringduring a stage of the fabrication process.

FIG. 2 is a radial sectional view of the groove portion of an insertring illustrating one embodiment in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a conventional groove of a chrome insertring used for a comparative test.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a groove of a chrome insert ring accordingto this invention which was used for a comparative test.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the outer periphery of a pressurering, in which reference numeral 5 indicates the surface for abuttingagainst a cylinder inner surface. In the prior art chrome insert ring,the cross section of the groove is of a trapezoidal shape made up ofthree straight lines AC, DC, and DB as described above. According to theinvention herein the groove has a cross section made up of straightlines AE, EF, FG, GH, and HB so as to eliminate the influence on platingto the opposite corners C and D of the groove bottom. That is, thegroove of an insert piston ring in accordance with the present inventionhas an additional step or slanted surface in the vicinity of the pointswhich would constitute groove corners in conventional shaped grooves. Agroove having a cross section which meets the following conditions hasproven satisfactory in experiments:

    O <x - y / cot α ≦ 0.05 mm, and .[.O < 1 - α/2 ≦ 0.57 mm, where.].  .Iadd. ##EQU1##.Iaddend. .Iadd.where .Iaddend.

x : depth of the groove;

y : distance of the first side wall projected along the piston ringsurface;

l : width of the groove;

α : angle of first side walls with ring surface and specifically shouldbe 5° to 50° and preferably about 30° .[...]..Iadd.;

a : width of the flat bottom surface. .Iaddend.

The surprising advantage of constructing an insert type piston ringhaving a groove cross section as explained above can be appreciated bynoting the plating time and cost savings resulting therefrom as comparedto the conventional ring. For example, for a hard chrome plated ringmember having an outer diameter of 108 mm, an axial thickness of 3mm, aradial width of 4.5 mm and a groove of the mm dimensions shown in FIG.3, the time required to form a desired hard chrome plate was 11 hours.On the other hand, when a second ring, identical in dimensions to thefirst ring except that it has a groove as shown in FIG. 4 (which groovemeets the above conditions), is plated with chrome, the resulting platesurface had no recess and was substantially parallel to the groovebottom. Further, the time required to obtain a desired chrome plate was8 hours. This shows that the novel construction of this inventionresults in a 27 percent savings of plating time and plating material.

By providing such construction to the groove, the invention can reducethe plating time to a great extent and provide a low cost chrome insertring having a performance equivalent to or above the conventional one.

Further, a grinding operation was applied to the chrome plated surfacesof the two rings so as to expose the cast iron matrix between the chromeplate bands. For this operation, about 7 minutes was required for thering with the conventional grooves, whereas 5 minutes was required forthe ring according to the present invention. This shows the inventionexhibits a distinctive effect.

While the invention has been shown and described specifically withreference to the groove construction in which two additional steps areadded to the conventional trapezoid cross section in the vicinity of theopposite groove bottom corners, there is no intent to limit the spiritand scope of the invention to this construction and it will beunderstood that the like result can be obtained by providing furthersteps to the groove side wall.

What is claimed is:
 1. A hard metal insert piston ring of the typehaving a groove in the periphery thereof, said groove being filled withsaid hard metal, the cross section of said groove having a flat bottomwall and two flat side walls extending angularly from the surface ofsaid piston ring towards said flat bottom surface and towards oneanother, the improvement characterized by; said cross section of saidgroove having additional flat side walls between said first mentionedside walls and said flat bottom surface, all said walls and said bottomsurface meeting at angles greater .[.that.]. .Iadd.than .Iaddend.theangle between imaginary extensions of said first side walls and saidflat bottom surface.
 2. A hard metal insert piston ring as claimed inclaim 1 wherein said hard metal is chrome.
 3. A hard metal insert pistonring as claimed in claim 1 wherein said additional flat side wallsconsist of two additional flat side walls, one extending between one ofsaid first side walls and said bottom surface, and the other extendingbetween the other of said first side walls and said bottom surface.
 4. Ahard metal insert piston ring as claimed in claim 3 wherein said hardmetal is chrome.
 5. A hard metal insert piston ring as claimed in claim3 wherein said cross section of said groove satisfies the conditions:

    O < x - y / cot α ≦ 0.05 mm;

    .[.O < 1 - α/2 ≦ 0.57 mm; where.]. .Iadd. ##EQU2##.Iaddend. .Iadd.where .Iaddend.

x : depth of the groove; y : distance of each of said first side wallsprojected onto the piston ring surface; l : width of the groove; α :acute angle formed by each of said first side walls and a projection ofsaid ring surface, and being between 5° to 50°.[...]..Iadd.; : width ofthe flat bottom surface. .Iaddend.
 6. A hard metal insert piston ring asclaimed in claim 5 wherein said hard metal is chrome.